In the following four cases, if the body or clothes of a person who offers prayer are najis, his prayer is valid.

First case: If his body or clothes are stained with the blood of a wound or an abscess.

• If there is blood from a wound, sore or abscess on the body or clothes of the person performing the prayer, and their condition is such that rinsing the body or clothes is unbearably difficult, he may offer prayer with that blood so long as the wound or abscess has not healed. The same ruling applies to pus which comes out with the blood, or a medicine applied to the wound that becomes najis.

Second case: the blood less than the upper joint of the forefinger in size.

• If the clothes or body is stained with blood but it is less than the upper joint of the forefinger, there is no problem with it. However, if it is more than that, there is a problem with the prayer.

Third case: Small pieces of the clothes of the praying person such as socks with which private parts cannot be covered are najis.

• If the praying person’s small pieces of clothes, such as socks, gloves, or a skullcap which are not sufficient to cover the private parts, or a ring, bracelet, or the like become najis through coming in contact with a najis substance, performing prayers with them is permissible.

Fourth case: A person has no choice but to perform prayer with a najis body or clothes.

• When a person is compelled to perform the prayer with a najis body or clothes due to cold weather, lack of water, or the like, his prayer is valid.